Unit for parts per thousand
The phrase per mille (from
Latin
per
mīlle 'in each thousand')
[1] indicates
parts per thousand .
[2] The associated symbol is â° , similar to a
per cent sign % but with an extra zero in the
divisor .
Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling,
[1]
[2]
[3] giving other options of per mil ,
[2] per mill ,
[1]
[3] permil ,
[1]
[4] permill ,
[1] permille .
[5]
[6]
The word promille is the
cognate in Dutch, German, Finnish and Swedish, and is sometimes seen as a
loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille .
[7]
[4]
Computer systems
The
code point for the
glyph is included in the
General Punctuation
block of
Unicode
characters : U+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN .
[5] It may be typed using
Alt +0 1 3 7 ,
Compose % o ,
[a] Ctrl +⧠Shift +u 2 0 3 0 , or ℠Option +⧠Shift +r according to
operating system .
Examples
Blood alcohol concentration
Promille and permille are likely best known as shorthand terms for
Blood Alcohol Concentration , where 1 promille corresponds to 1 gram of alcohol per liter of blood.
[9] Promille is used in the legal limits of
blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5â° or 0.8â°.
[10]
Cost per mille
Sales and marketing
Cost per mille (CPM), the price of 1000 units, may be used for views of banner and display advertising, and for emails delivered by
email service providers .
Insurance
In UK insurance usage, the cost per mille is the rate per ÂŁ1000 of insured value.
[11] In India, the premium per mille is the rate expressed as thousandths of the sum assured.
[12]
Gradients
A tram and gradient sign in
GdaĆsk, Poland . The 50â°
grade is equivalent to 50 m/km or 5%.
Gradients (in some countries in
Europe ) may be expressed as mm/m or m/km, and written with the per mille symbol.
[13]
[14]
Isotope ratios
Per mille may be used to express
stable-isotope ratiosâfor example: "ÎŽ13 C was measured at â3.5â°"
Taxation
Charity fraction
In Italy, it is possible to nominate a charity or charities to receive "five per mille" (5â°) of personal taxation payments.
[15]
Property tax
Property taxation rates may be expressed as the
millage rate (
U.S. ) or mill rate (
Canada ), from
mill (currency) , one thousandth of a dollar.
Quantile
Permille may also be used to express a
1000-quantile ("999th permille"),
[16]
[17] but this usage is rare and largely obsolete. Modern publications instead use fractional percentiles ("99.9th percentile").
[18]
Salinity
Seawater
salinity is often expressed per mille. Average marine salinity is about 35 parts per thousand or 35â° (3.5%).
[19]
Related units
Visualisation of 1%, 1â°, 1â±, 1 pcm and 1 ppm as fractions of the large block
(larger version)
See also
Notes
^ The sequence the percent key (%) is followed by lower case letter o and not, as might be expected, by digit 0.
[8]
References
^
a
b
c
d
e
"per mil" .
Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.).
Oxford University Press . (Subscription or
participating institution membership required.)
^
a
b
c
"per mille" .
Cambridge Dictionary . Business English.
Cambridge :
Cambridge University Press . Retrieved 2020-06-08 . per mille adverb (also per mil )
^
a
b
"per mill" . Oxford Dictionaries: The American Dictionary . Archived from
the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved 2014-08-01 .
^
a
b Heinz GamsjÀger; John W. Lorimer; Pirketta Scharlin; David G. Shaw (2008).
"Glossary of terms related to solubility" . Pure Appl. Chem . 80 (2): 233â276.
doi :
10.1351/pac200880020233 . (Page 258)
^
a
b Unicode. "
General Punctuation ". 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014.
^
"per mille" .
Longman Business Dictionary . Retrieved 2020-07-01 .
^
"Promille in English" . Cambridge German – English Dictionary . Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 24 September 2023 .
^ Monniaux, David.
"UTF-8 (Unicode) compose sequence" . Retrieved 2015-07-15 .
^
"Promille vs BAC: the difference and how much promille is 1 BAC" . AlcoSafe . Retrieved 24 September 2023 .
^
"Blood alcohol level (BAL)" . Health Research Board (Ireland).
^ Jonathan Law; John Smullen (eds.).
"Per mille" . A Dictionary of Finance and Banking (4 ed.).
^
"Avoidable loss due to imprudent underwriting of Group Personal Accident Policy" (PDF) . Comptroller and Auditor General of India. March 2019.
^ Michael W. Sayers; Thomas D. Gillespie; William D.O. Paterson (January 1986).
"Directives pour la mesure de l'uni des routes et l'Ă©talonnage des appareils" (PDF) (in French).
World Bank . p. 2. L'indice IRI est une mesure de l'uni des routes standardisée, apparentée aux mesures obtenues à l'aide des appareils de type-réponse. Les unités recommandées sont : les mÚtres par kilomÚtres (m/km) =millimÚtres par mÚtres (mm/m) = pente x 1000.
^ ZEMBA, Baowendzooda Joël (July 2015).
"ETUDE D'AVANT-PROJET DETAILLE DE L'AMENAGEMENT D'UN PERIMETRE IRRIGUE DE 100 HA Ă BAGRE EN RIVE DROITE DU NAKANBE (BURKINA FASO)" (in French). p. 37. Archived from
the original on 19 November 2023. Pente longitudinale i (m/km ou â°): 0.4
^
"Five per thousandâhow does it work and how is it calculated?" .
N26 (bank). 22 June 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2023 .
^ Walker, Helen Mary; Lev, Joseph (1969).
Elementary Statistical Methods . Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
ISBN
978-0-03-081130-2 .
^ Valentijn, Floris Arnold (21 September 2022). Senescent cell accumulation & Research-based undergraduate education (Thesis). Utrecht University.
doi :
10.33540/1121 .
^ Knoppert, Sebastiaan N; KeijzerâVeen, Mandy G; Valentijn, Floris A; van den HeuvelâEibrink, Marry M; Lilien, Marc R; van den Berg, Gerrit; Haveman, Lianne M; Stokman, Marijn F; Janssens, Geert O; van Kempen, Sven; Broekhuizen, Roel; Goldschmeding, Roel; Nguyen, Tri Q (December 2023).
"Cellular senescence in kidney biopsies is associated with tubular dysfunction and predicts CKD progression in childhood cancer patients with karyomegalic interstitial nephropathy" . The Journal of Pathology . 261 (4): 455â464.
doi :
10.1002/path.6202 .
^
"Per mille" . Glossary of Meteorology . American Meteorological Society. 2022.
External links
Media related to
Per mille at Wikimedia Commons